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（一）法律类 MxM顺利考研网

GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHT MxM顺利考研网

　　 By almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults. MxM顺利考研网

　　 So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. "I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased," says Pfingst. "I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail." MxM顺利考研网

　　 Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then there's the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop. MxM顺利考研网

　　 But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingst's team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence. MxM顺利考研网

　　 They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the victim's shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits. MxM顺利考研网

　　 By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell; Lisa McLaughlin; Joseph Pierro; Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song MxM顺利考研网

　　注 (1)本文选自Time; 03/19/2001, Vol. 157 Issue 11, p62, 1p, 2c, 3bw MxM顺利考研网

　　注 (2)本文习题命题模拟对象2004年真题text 1. MxM顺利考研网

　　 1.How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project? MxM顺利考研网

　　 [A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [B]By revisiting the past victories. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [D]By his cooperation with his attorneys. MxM顺利考研网

　　 2.Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project? MxM顺利考研网

　　 [A]To help correct the wrong judgments. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients. MxM顺利考研网

　　 3.The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _______. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [A]excited MxM顺利考研网

　　 [B]competent MxM顺利考研网

　　 [C]embarrassed MxM顺利考研网

　　 [D]astounded MxM顺利考研网

　　 4.Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor? MxM顺利考研网

　　 [A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [C]He supported the controversial California law. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen. MxM顺利考研网

　　 5.Which of the following is not true according to the text? MxM顺利考研网

　　 [A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [B] Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [C] Pfingst’s move didn’t work well. MxM顺利考研网

　　 [D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners. MxM顺利考研网

　 　篇章剖析 MxM顺利考研网

　　本文采用的是记叙文的模式。第一段指出芬斯特作为一位铁面无私的检查官的一些做法；第二段指出芬斯特实施 “清白计划”的打算及做法；第三段指出实施“清白计划”造成的反应以及可能存在的问题；第四段和第五段是实施“清白计划”的结果和影响。 MxM顺利考研网

　　 词汇注释 MxM顺利考研网

　　 prosecutor [5prRsIkju:tE(r)]n.检察官 ,检察员,起诉人,原告 MxM顺利考研网

　　 controversial [kRntrE5v:F(E)l]adj.争论的, 争议的 MxM顺利考研网

　　 mandate [5mAndeIt]v.批准制订一个训令，如通过法律；发布命令或要求： MxM顺利考研网

　　 wager [5weIdVE(r)]v.下赌注, 保证 MxM顺利考研网

　　 conviction [kEn5vIkF(E)n]n.定罪, 宣告有罪 MxM顺利考研网

　　 unravel[Qn5rAv(E)l]v. 阐明, 解决 MxM顺利考研网

　　 flabbergast[5flAbE^B:st; (?@) -^Ast]v.<口>使大吃一惊, 哑然失色, 使目瞪口呆 MxM顺利考研网

　　 indict[In5daIt]v.起诉, 控告, 指控, 告发 MxM顺利考研网

　　 bust[bQst]v.破产或缺钱 MxM顺利考研网

　　 oust[aJst]v.剥夺, 取代, 驱逐 MxM顺利考研网

　　 discard[dI5skB:d]v.抛开；遗弃；废弃 MxM顺利考研网

　　 molest[mE5lest]v.骚乱, 困扰, 调戏 MxM顺利考研网

　　 saliva[sE5laIvE]n.口水, 唾液 MxM顺利考研网

　　 难句突破 MxM顺利考研网

　　 1.Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults. MxM顺利考研网

　　主体句式： …Pfingst had stood behind … MxM顺利考研网

　　结构分析： Even before the tragedy是本句的时间状语；主句是Pfingst had stood behind…;that 引导的宾语从句修饰law;在从句中，as…as是一词组，意思是“和…一样”；出现的第三个as是介词，意思是“作为”。 MxM顺利考研网

　　句子译文：甚至在这场悲剧发生之前芬斯特就支持加利福尼亚州的一项颇有争议的法律。这项法律规定，以成人身份受审的谋杀嫌疑犯的最低年龄可以降到十四岁。 MxM顺利考研网

　　 题目分析 MxM顺利考研网

　　 1.答案为C，属事实细节题。文中对应信息“Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools.”是对第二段第一句的补充说明。 MxM顺利考研网

　　 2.答案为A，属推理判定题。从上下文我们可以得知，实施“清白计划”就是使用先进的DNA技术来重新审理过去的案件当中可能存在的冤案错案。 MxM顺利考研网

　　 3.答案为D, 属猜词题。从第二段第一句话我们得知芬斯特可能是美国第一个实施非常独特的“清白计划”的人，因此他的做法很可能是令人感到吃惊的，从而可猜出该词的含义。 MxM顺利考研网

　　 4.答案为B，属推理判定题。从第一段和第二段给出的事例我们可以看出，芬斯特不愿放过任何一个犯罪的人，即便他的年龄还不算大；他也不愿使无辜者蒙冤，即便案件已经审理。 MxM顺利考研网

　　 5.答案为C，属推理判定题。正因为 “Pfingst’s move works well”,美国才又有“ten other counties are starting DNA audits”,而且，“no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted”. MxM顺利考研网

　　 MxM顺利考研网

（二）教育类 MxM顺利考研网

PLIGHT OF THE PRESCHOOLERS MxM顺利考研网

How do they beat the odds? MxM顺利考研网

Competition for admission to the country's top private schools has always been tough, but this year Elisabeth Krents realized it had reached a new level. MxM顺利考研网

Her wake-up call came when a man called the Dalton School in Manhattan, where Krents is admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for their kindergarten program. After providing the information (they don't use an age cutoff), she asked about the age of his child. The man paused for an uncomfortably long time before answering. "Well, we don't have a child yet," he told Krents. "We're trying to figure out when to conceive a child so the birthday is not a problem." MxM顺利考研网

School obsession is spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise current data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent and religious schools all told the same story: a glut of applicants, higher rejection rates. "We have people calling us for spots two years down the road," said Marilyn Collins of the Seven Hills School in Cincinnati. "We have grandparents calling for pregnant daughters." MxM顺利考研网

Public-opinion poll after poll indicates that Americans' No. 1 concern is education. Now that the long economic boom has given parents more disposable income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $10,000 a year. "We're getting applicants from a broader area, geographically, than we ever have in the past," said Betsy Haugh of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year. MxM顺利考研网

The problem for the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not. "Every year, there are a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, there are a significant number of children who don't have places," said Krents, who also heads a private-school admissions group in New York. MxM顺利考研网

So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no foolproof way to pick a class when children are so young. Many schools give preference to siblings or alumni children. MxM顺利考研网

Some use lotteries. But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys. MxM顺利考研网

The worst thing a parent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform--for example, by pushing them to read or do math exercises before they're ready. Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives. Another year in preschool may be all that's needed. Parents, meanwhile, may need a more open mind about relatively unknown private schools--or about magnet schools in the public system. There's no sign of the private-school boom letting up. Dalton's spring tours, for early birds interested in the 2001-2002 school year, are filled. The wait list? Forget it. That's closed, too. MxM顺利考研网

By Pat Wingert Newsweek; 05/15/2000, Vol. 135 Issue 20, p76, 2/3p, 1c MxM顺利考研网

注 (1) ：本文选自 Newsweek ， 05/15/2000, p76 MxM顺利考研网

1.The author uses the examples to show __________. MxM顺利考研网

[A]the concern of Americans MxM顺利考研网

[B]the charm of the private schools MxM顺利考研网

[C]the fierce situation for preschoolers MxM顺利考研网

[D]the economic situation of American families MxM顺利考研网

2.What is implied in Paragraph 4? MxM顺利考研网

[A]The harsh way of forming a class. MxM顺利考研网

[B]The high expectation of the parents. MxM顺利考研网

[C]The wise selection of the school. MxM顺利考研网

[D]The difficulty of getting enrolled. MxM顺利考研网

3.The author ’ s attitude toward this event is __________. MxM顺利考研网

[A]indifferent MxM顺利考研网

[B]apprehensive MxM顺利考研网

[C]supportive MxM顺利考研网

[D]indignant MxM顺利考研网

4.Instead of giving their children great pressure to outperform, the parents should ______. MxM顺利考研网

[A]avoid the competition and wait for another year MxM顺利考研网

[B]give up their first choice and go to the unknown school MxM顺利考研网

[C]let their children be and do what they want to do MxM顺利考研网

[D]deal with the matter more casually and rethink the situation MxM顺利考研网

5.The text intends to express _________. MxM顺利考研网

[A]the popularity of the private schools MxM顺利考研网

[B]parents ’ worry about their children ’ s schooling MxM顺利考研网

[C]the plight of the preschoolers MxM顺利考研网

[D]the severe competition in going to school MxM顺利考研网

篇章剖析 MxM顺利考研网

本文采用提出问题 --- 分析问题的模式。文章以实例作为切入点，着重阐述了学龄前儿童所面临的困境。第一段和第二段指出家长对子女教育问题的关注；第三段指出儿童入学难这一现象及其原因；第四段指出一些学校的招生办法以及有些学生无法入学的原因；第五段指出父母应该怎么做。 MxM顺利考研网

词汇注释 MxM顺利考研网

wake-up call ( 宾馆提供的 ) 唤醒服务，叫早服务 MxM顺利考研网

kindergarten [kIndE5^B:t(E)n] n. 幼儿园 adj. 幼儿园的 , 初级的 , 启蒙阶段的 MxM顺利考研网

figure out v. 合计为 , 计算出 , 解决 , 断定 , 领会到 MxM顺利考研网

conceive [kEn5si:v] v. 怀孕 , 考虑 , 设想 MxM顺利考研网

obsession [Eb5seF(E)n] n. 迷住 , 困扰 MxM顺利考研网

glut [^lQt] n. 供给过剩；充斥 MxM顺利考研网

edge [edV] n. 刀口 , 利刃 , 锋 , 优势 , 边缘 , 优势 , 尖锐 give an edge to 加剧 , 使尖锐化；鼓舞 , 使兴奋；给 ( 刀等 ) 开刃 , 使锋利 MxM顺利考研网

foolproof [5fu:lpru:f] adj. 十分简单的 , 十分安全的 , 极坚固的 MxM顺利考研网

sibling[5sIblIN] n. 兄弟 , 姐妹 , 同胞 , 同属 MxM顺利考研网

alumni [E`lQmnaI ] n. pl. 男毕业生 , 男校友 MxM顺利考研网

lottery [5lRtErI] n. 抽彩给奖法 MxM顺利考研网

cognitive [ `kC^nItIv ] adj. 认知的 , 熟悉的 , 有感知的 MxM顺利考研网

diverse [daI5v:s] adj. 不同的 , 变化多的 MxM顺利考研网

alternative [C:l5t:nEtIv] n. 二中择一 , 可供选择的办法 , 事物 adj. 选择性的 MxM顺利考研网

boom [bu:m] n. 繁荣 , 隆隆声 MxM顺利考研网

let up v. 停止 , 中止 , 放松 MxM顺利考研网

难句突破 MxM顺利考研网

1.But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings. MxM顺利考研网

主体句式： most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures … MxM顺利考研网

结构分析：本句是一个简单句。冒号之后的成分做 measures 的同位语； tests ， interviews 和 observation 属于并列结构。 MxM顺利考研网

句子译文：但大多数学校还是用主观和客观结合的方法：进行考试，确定孩子的发育成熟程度和认知潜能；同学生家长面谈，或在教室观察孩子的反应能力。 MxM顺利考研网

题目分析 MxM顺利考研网

1. 答案为 C ，属事实细节题。文中头两段举例说明子女教育问题成了美国家庭的头等大事，由此引发学龄前儿童入学难这一社会问题。 MxM顺利考研网

2. 答案为 A ，属推理判定题。第四段阐述了学校选学生的一些倾向和做法。对于一个几岁的孩子及其家长又是主观考察，又是客观考察，又是抽签，还要考虑班里学生的多样性，等等。对于孩子来讲，真是有些勉为其难。 MxM顺利考研网

3. 答案为 B ，属情感态度题。全文表达了对学龄前儿童的关注，以及对他们所处环境的忧虑和担心。 MxM顺利考研网

4. 答案为 D ，属事实细节题。原文对应信息“ Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives. ” MxM顺利考研网

5. 答案为 C ，属中心思想题。全文的中心都围绕着学龄前儿童所处的困境这一点。 MxM顺利考研网

（三）经济类 MxM顺利考研网

Plumper MxM顺利考研网

How does the country ’ s economy compare with those of the EU? MxM顺利考研网

SOME of the concerns surrounding Turkey ’ s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. MxM顺利考研网

Furthermore, the country ’ s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". MxM顺利考研网

Resilience has not historically been the country ’ s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. MxM顺利考研网

Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000). MxM顺利考研网

One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about WWW.KaoYan.COM You can make it!